Sudan (Darfur)

Geography

Brief History of Darfur,Sudan

In 1820 Sudan is conquered by the Ottoman empire. 62 years later, Great Britain invades Sudan and in 1899 it is under the rule of Great Britain and Egypt. In 1956, they become independent and are ruled by the Khartoum, ruled by the northern arabs. in 1962 the civil war break between the Khartoum and the separatists of the south who were mostly Christian. After a couple of years a majour company discovered that in the southern part of Sudan there was an existence of oil.

In 1983 the civil war between the south and the north breaks again and continues for the next two decades, killing almost two million people. The National Islamic Front takes control of the military coup. In 1991 Osama Bin Laden moves to Sudan, where he would be living for almost four years. In 1993 Omar al- Bashir becomes president and in 1997 the U.S., puts economic sanctions on Sudan because it is considered a state sponsor of terrorism. In response from the attack from Kenya and Tanzania, U.S. launches missile attacks on Khartoum chemical plant which was acused of producing weapons.In 1999 Sudan starts exporting oil, and in 2003 the Rebel Groups decide to rise up because they were angry about the neglection from the central government.

Also in 2003, the Janjaweed militians do a campaign called "Scorched Earth" and they began to rape women, set villages on fire, steal shops, etc. In 2004, U.S. declares the Darfur Genocide, calling it "crimes against humanity".In 2006 Chad breaks all ties with Sudan because of the evidence saying that the government was supporting the rebels against Chad. in 2007, Bush imposes new sanctions on Sudan. 2006-2007 Sudanese economy is booming thanks for the oil, despite the fact of the crisis. May 2008, rebels from Darfur attack Omdurman. And in the 28 may 2008 John Kennedy becomes the first U.N. peacekeeper to be killed.

(PAULA VAN GINHOVEN)


What Happened?

In 2003, two opposition groups in Darfur: the Sudanese Liberation Movement (SLM), also known as the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA), and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rose up against the government led by President Bashir. They accused Khartoum, capital of Sudan, of oppressing black Africans in favour of Arabs as well as lack of supprt during prolonged droughts and near famine conditions. It all began when opposition groups attacked military installations.

On the opposing side of the conflict, there are the Arab Janjaweed. Most people believe they are being supported by the government since it has done little to stop the violence of this group. However, the government denies any connection with them.
Since the 2003 attack, violence has spread all over the region. There was aerial bombing involved which destroyed hundreds of villages and not only killed many people but also left them homeless.

There is an estimation that tgere are now about thirty opposition groups in Darfur which compete with each other for influence and power.

(ISABELLA RIVERA)


Role of Media in this conflict

The Media in Darfur didn't want to show what was really happening. The government millitaries were killing many innocent people and would harm anyone who they though was the opposition.
The role of media is very important since they control everything and at the end are the ones who will manipulate others to help. With the media being biased, no one could really believe what they were saying.

Rwanda

Geography 

Rwanda is located in Central Africa, to the east of Republica of the Congo.Rwanda has a area of 26 thousands square kilometers, and 3% is water.Is covered by grassland and has small farms over rolling hills.Some mountains on the southeast tha come from a chain of volcaones in the northwest

Rwanda is located only two degrees south of the equator, the rainy seasons are between febraury and may and between september and december.Rwanda has a lot of natural resources such as,gold,cassiterine,wolframite, methane, cofee, tea and arable land.

 uncontrolled deforestation for fuel, overgrazing, soil exhaustion and widespread poaching is affecting Rwanda´s environment.

Brief History 

The population of Rwanda is divided into three etnic groups, The Hutu's (85%), The Tutsi's (14%) and The Twa (1%). Tutsi generally occupied the higher class in the social system and the Hutu the lower, making both groups fight for the power of the country. The Tutsi had the advantage that Belgium took care over them, but it all changed when Germany was forced to leave the country, leaving them with no defence. As the Hutus were the majority of the population, they took advantage and aim to become the only racial group in Rwanda, eliminate this 15% of population by causing genocide.

All this began in 1962 when the King Tutsi died and the Hutus took the power. Millions of Tutsi were exiled from their lands, which started strong ethnic tensions among the races. 
In 1994 the Hutu government felt threatned by the invasion of the Tutsis and because of that it began the most recent genocide of this century. 

The murder of the President Rwandese make the Hutus take advantage of the situation and try to get rid of all the Tutsis by burning their houses and killing them. Million of women were rapped and the children became orphans. In only 100 days of war, it was estimated that 800 people between both ethnic groups were killed. 

Nowadays, the present government of Rwanda has eliminate this ethnic groups and make all one self race to avoid more fights of differences. Now, people have ejected professions and live in liberty and work day by day to forget the events occurred years ago and instead, look forward to the future

Different races in Rwanda. You can notice in the picture that the Hutus have a darker skin colour, more black than the Tutsis. 

















What Happened?

Genocide timeline:

1918: The belgians had the control of rwanda.
1933: The belgians declare the division of ethnic groups separating them by Hutus,Tutsis and          Twa.
1948: The United Nations declared genocide as a crime under internation law.
1959:Hutus rebelion started against the government and Tutsis
1962: Rwanda is independant

1988:The RPF ( Rwandan Patriotic Front) was created in Uganda.

1990: RPF invades rwanda causing a civil war.

1994:

•  Rwandas president is killed and Hutus took advantage to attack its opponents (Tutsis)
•   A lot of masacres occur during april,and all of them are against tutsis, killing them and leaving them with no resources.
• At the end of April after an aproximate of 250,000 people killed,Tutsis were able to leave the country to the neighbour country Tanzania.
• The French people established  a safe zone in the southwest corner of Rwanda.
• Mid-july genocide ends when the RPF took control of the country.
  

Role of Media

Media played a significant part in both external and internal positions in this conflict .During genocide the newspaper and the radio were used carefully towards the Tutsis because mainly all information was from Hutus part. Radio was used by the Hutu extremist to mobilise the Tutsi, and to communicate to coordinate the killings and ensure their plans of extermination were succesful. 

 

 

(TAIS AND GABRIELA)

Conflict between North and South Korea

And what can happen now?

After analyzing both North Korea and South Korea`s point of view or reaction, this “war” isn’t a war that just begun because this issue has being going on for several years. In the year 1950 there was an actual war between both Koreas but they signed the armistice in three years after that, in 1953 but there was always conflict between both of them.  There was actually never “a war” but they never got along. People now from all around the country are starting to worrying because in this war, the USA is involved and that could probably mean a much more stronger war because the USA has got a much more developed weapons and also much more army. Meanwhile, North Korea has stated that they have given a “green light” and they are willing to fight against USA. I think that if North Korea decides to throw the missile to the USA, which is practically impossible because of the distance, they will attack Hawaii and Guam.  In the case that North Korea decides to attack the USA, all the countries that are in the Pacific will be in a conflict because Peru exports to China and it will be a problem economically.

(Paula van Ginhoven)

 

About Him

Kim Jong-Un was born in 1983. He is the actual supreme dictatorial leader of North Korea who became ruler in 2011 after succeeding his father Kim Jong-Il and his grandfather Kim II-Sung previous him.

He is the third family member to lead North Korea.  Kim Jun-Un is the youngest of his two brothers Kim Jong-Nam and Kim Jong-Chol. The three of them were Swiss-educated and later returned to their homes in Pyongyang. From Kim-Jun Un’s return, he has  attended the Kim II-Sung Military University.

He was named head of the party, state and army soon after his father’s death on the 17^th of December, 2011. Later Kim Jong-Un was given the highest military rank meaning he had total control over the army.

Little is known about his personal life but on July 2012, he married his third wife Ri Sol-Ju which was later named ‘’comrade Ri Sol-Ju’’.

 Kim Jong-Un at recent age, 30 years old.

(ISABELLA RIVERA)

Historical background

Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was under the Japanese rule.

By the end of World War II, in November 1943 the leaders from the three great powers, Britain, USA and China, meet at the Cairo Conference to discuss what should happen to the colonies that Japan owns. They decided Japan should lose all the territories they’ve conquered to avoid they may become too powerful and defeat them.  This meant Korea wasn’t under Japanese power anymore.

These bring a discussion between all Koreans. After World War II in 1945, Korea was divided between South and North. The United States authorities occupied South Korea who was against communism. These origin problems with the North Koreans who finally were held by the United Nations / Russians that believed in communist ideas.

1950 – South Korea declares independence, making the North Koreans be angry and prepare an attack

1953 – After years of battling themselves, an armistice end the Korean War but with no signed paper

1972 – Both sides manage a rapid industrial growth which makes them develop

1991 – North and South Korea join the United Nations

1992 – North Korea agrees to allow inspections by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), but over next two years refuses access to sites of suspected nuclear weapons production.

In conclusion, there was tension between the two Koreas because they have a different set of believes and didn’t agree in anything and want different things for their country. For that, they fight all the time with the purpose to have one Korea.

(GABRIELA BRAIN)

Geography and desmilitarized area

The demilitarized area is between south and north korea..It  began with Russia and Japan fighting for control of the country in 1904.When the Japanese empire was destroyed at the end of World War Two, Korea was left as a victim to the Cold War.in 1948 It was divided in two along the 38th parallel.The Americans controlled south korea and the Russians controlled the north leaving north korea as a communist country leaving them as an enemy for many countries and creating tensio between both countries.There is a desmilitarized area that separate north and south wich was created the 27 july, 1953.

(Tais Ferreyros)